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| 1839 |
| | | British troops invade China after the Chinese authorities seize and destroy the opium stocks of British merchants in Canton | |
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| c. 1841 |
| | | Britain sends four naval ships up the river Niger to make anti-slavery treaties with local kings | |
|  | Anti-slavery treaty with African chiefs
National Archives, Kew
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| 1842 |
| | | The British abandon Kabul, losing most of the garrison force in the withdrawal to India and bringing to an end the first Anglo-Afghan war | |
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| 1843 |
| | | The British take control of the existing Boer republic and proclaim Natal a British protectorate | |
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| 1845 |
| | | The first Anglo-Sikh war breaks out between Sikh forces in the Punjab and encroaching forces of Britain's East India Company | |
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| 1846 |
| | | The first Anglo-Sikh war ends with the Treaty of Lahore, by which Jammu and Kashmir are ceded to the British | |
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| 1848 |
| | | Harry Smith annexes for Britain the land between the Orange and Vaal rivers, calling it the Orange River Sovereignty | |
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| 1848 |
| | | The second Anglo-Sikh war begins when a British army invades the Punjab to suppress a local uprising | |
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| 1849 |
| | | A British victory at the Battle of Gujarat effectively ends the second Anglo-Sikh war, and is followed by annexation of the Punjab | |
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| 1849 |
| | | Vancouver Island is given the status of a British crown colony, to be followed by British Columbia in 1858 | |
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